I can't use GPS navigation on my Apple iPad Pro 11 (2021) iPadOS 17
Cause 2 of 2: There's not adequate GPS signal
The first time your tablet is to find a GPS signal on a new location, it may take several minutes. Urban agglomeration or forests may interfere with the GPS signal.
Solution: Go to a place with a clear view of the sky and wait a few minutes while your tablet searches for a GPS signal.